Management of vascular complications following calcium hydroxylapatite filler injections: a systemic review of cases and experimental studies

Aim: Dermal fillers are increasingly popular procedures. Inadvertent intraarterial injection of fillers, particularly with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), can result in devastating consequences. A systemic review was performed to summarize management strategies treat CaHA-associated vascular complications. Methods: The methodology this derived from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). In addition, paper presents a previously unreported case complication. Results: There were 32 articles describing 42 cases, plus our included review. 15 cases vision complications, 23 non-vision 5 experimental studies. most common sites reported nasal region complications (45%) nasolabial folds (40%). Of the 38 human prevalent treatment choice steroids (24 63%). Complete or near complete improvement 83% 40% no noticeable homogeneity outcomes patients. studies, clear consensus on treatments found. Conclusion: Vascular CaHA seemingly uncommon, but it is widely suspected that due underreporting. While best prevention, preparation potential complication equally important. Derived literature, hyaluronic acid filler protocols, findings review, personal experiences, report proposes We hope these provide much-needed framework injectors refer utilize as needed.